How do photovoltaic modules convert solar energy into electricity?

Photovoltaic solar power generation is known as a pollution-free renewable new energy source, which is characterized by no depletion risk, safety and reliability, no noise, no pollution emissions, and is not limited by the geographical distribution of resources; Local power generation and supply can be achieved without the need for fuel consumption and the installation of transmission lines, making it an ideal solution for daily electricity consumption in areas without electricity.

There are two main ways to convert solar energy into electricity, one is solar power generation (also known as solar photovoltaic power generation), and the other is solar thermal power generation (also known as solar thermal power generation). Solar photovoltaic power generation is a method of generating electricity that directly converts solar energy into electrical energy. It includes four forms: photovoltaic power generation, photochemical power generation, photoinduced power generation, and photobiological power generation. We will now focus on understanding how common rooftop photovoltaic power generation photovoltaic modules convert energy.

The device for solar power generation is a solar cell, and connecting the solar cells together is called a photovoltaic module or solar cell module. The direct conversion method of light into electricity utilizes the photoelectric effect to directly convert solar radiation energy into electrical energy. A solar cell is a device that directly converts solar energy into electrical energy due to the photovoltaic effect. It is a semiconductor photodiode that, when sunlight shines on the photodiode, converts the solar energy into electrical energy and generates current. When many batteries are connected in series or parallel, they can become a solar cell array with relatively high output power. Solar cells are a promising new type of power source with three major advantages: permanence, cleanliness, and flexibility. Solar cells have a long lifespan, and as long as the sun exists, they can be invested in once and used for a long time; Compared to thermal power generation, solar cells do not cause environmental pollution.

It is worth noting that the efficiency of photovoltaic modules is influenced by many factors, such as light intensity, spectrum, temperature, etc. Therefore, in practical applications, these factors need to be controlled and optimized to better improve the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation.